Drug dependence

According to the currently valid International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), a distinction is made between harmful drug use (formerly: "drug abuse") and use that causes an addiction syndrome with symptoms such as tolerance development or withdrawal symptoms (cf. module on Addiction or dependence syndrome according to ICD-10 and DSM-5). While dependence mainly arises in the context of taking psychotropic drugs (affecting the psyche) such as sleeping pills and tranquilizers (hypnotics or sedatives) or stimulants, drugs that do not cause dependence, such as laxatives or appetite suppressants (anoretics), can also be used in a non-intended harmful way. 

Bundesärztekammer / Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (eds.) (2007): Medikamente – schädlicher Gebrauch und Abhängigkeit. Leitfaden für die ärztliche Praxis. Online Version (German)

Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen (2013): Medikamentenabhängigkeit. Vol. 5 Suchtmedizinische Reihe. Online Version (German)

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