Negative freedom

Negative freedom refers to freedom from manipulative or coercive influences. Many authors in both ethical and political discourse have declared this form of freedom to be the most fundamental and important form of freedom in moral terms. At the same time, critics have suggested that negative freedom alone is not sufficient to characterize the morally relevant form of self-determination to which individuals are entitled. For example, it is conceivable that a person may remain free from manipulative and coercive influences, but still be restricted in their freedom due to a lack of options for action. A person who has to live on the street, for example, is not restricted in their negative freedom if they cannot afford an apartment and are not offered any opportunities to change this, but their positive freedom to afford an apartment is restricted.

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