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Methods Used for PGD

The classical methods used in PGD are: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genome hybridization (CGH), as well as more recently: next-generation sequencing (NGS) and karyomapping. Non-invasive PGD has so far only been performed experimentally. 

For a detailed description of the different PGD techniques, see:

Steinke, Verena / Rahner, Nils (2009): Medizinisch-naturwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Präimplantationsdiagnostik. In: Präimplantationsdiagnostik (Ethik in den Biowissenschaften – Sachstandsberichte des DRZE Bd. 10). Freiburg i. Br.: Alber, 41–45. Online Version (German)

Sciorio, Romualdo / Tramontano, Luca / Catt, James (2020): Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A): status and future challenges. In: Gynecological Endocrinology. 36(1), 6-11. Online-Version 

Moffat, Rebecca / Raggi, Anna / Sartorius, Gideon / Conrad, Bernard / Sterthaus, Oliver (2020): Die Präimplantationsdiagnostik in der Schweiz heute. In: Schweizer Zeitschrift für Gynäkologie. 02, 12-15. Online-Version (German)